Research areas
"The true biologist deals with life, with teeming boisterous life, and learns something from it, learns that the first rule of life is living"
John Steinbeck,听The Log from the Sea of Cortez
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I am a Reader in Biology affiliated with the Scottish Ocean Institute, Sea Mammal Research Unit, the Centre for Biological Diversity, the听Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and the Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences.
I have broad research interests, largely centred around the evolution of learning, behaviour and communication, with a special focus on marine mammals.
Latest paper(s)
Animal culture, information and behaviours acquired and shared by social learning are a form of biodiversity with intrinsic and practical value. Cooperative foraging, a mutualistic resource acquisition behaviour observed across diverse taxa, is strongly connected to social networks via behavioural states, cues and often social learning, as it typically involves high interaction rates. Understanding the distribution, diffusion and learning mechanisms of such cooperative behaviours is an important but understudied aspect of nonhuman culture. Bubble net feeding (鈥榖ubble netting鈥�) is a specialized foraging technique practised by certain humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) populations globally. Over 20 years in the northern Canadian Pacific, we observed the diffusion of two forms: cooperative group and independent (or 鈥榮olo鈥�) bubble netting. Network-based diffusion analysis鈥攁 tool to test for social learning鈥攆inds strong evidence for social learning of bubble netting when the overall social network is used, even after accounting for traits such as site fidelity and sex (10.6 脳 103听to 35.4 脳 103听times more support for social versus asocial learning;听p听< 0.0001). A homophily check using pre-acquisition association data returned ambiguous results, likely due to the inherent sociality of this cooperative foraging behaviour. Nonetheless, the rapid diffusion of bubble netting is clearly important for population viability and should inform conservation planning for this threatened population.
Mediterranean monk seals (Monachus monachus) are the world's rarest seal species, with fewer than 1000 individuals remaining across fragmented subpopulations. Monitoring this species is challenging due to their low densities and difficult-to-access habitats. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data can be used to detect small numbers of animals over large areas, but for effective long-term PAM, it is essential to characterize the species' vocalizations throughout its range. This study provides a comprehensive description of the monk seal vocal repertoire in the Inner Ionian Sea Archipelago, Greece, and the first published documentation of the species vocalizing underwater. Acoustic recorders collected continuous data over 16鈥塪ays during the breeding season in 2021. We identified 3442 calls, 1855 of which were determined to be high-quality and classified into ten call types within three broader categories. Video footage collected in 2019 and 2021 documented the seals producing five common call types, which comprised 鈭�87% of the recorded calls. Our findings offer insights into the structure of the monk seal vocal repertoire and lay the groundwork for long-term monitoring for this rare species using PAM, which could be an important tool for monitoring monk seals going forwards.
Book
Our book,听 is听even听available听at听! Hear it discussed on听. Listen to a podcast of a discussion between myself and author Phillip Hoare at the LSE Philosophy Forum听
Research
I have been studying the听,听听and societies of sperm whales, the largest of the toothed whales, showing how long lasting social groups use distinctive听听that听. Part of this work is my involvement in running the听听and as a collaborator of the听.
In whales and dolphins we find examples of both听听and apparently听, a simple form of culture. I am using statistical models to assess the evidence for听.
Archerfish have the highly specialised hunting tactic of shooting down prey with water jets. The dexterity and accuracy with which they do this has made them a model system in visual cognition. We are studying their and learning to understand how this adaptation has interacted with their cognition.
I use experimental approaches to understand how we negotiate the trade-offs involved in听, as a window into听听to make best use of our听.
Evolutionary modelling
I also use evolutionary听听to understand how these processes like听听might have evolved, and how they might be related to the evolution of other kinds of behaviour, such as cooperation and听.
Outreach
We value outreach work highly. Here are some links to some recent activities that myself and other lab members have been involved with:听
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Alumni
finished with Oscar Gaggioati and I her PhD titled "Non-invasive DNA methodologies for population assessment of baleen whales in proposed critical habitats" in 2025.PhD supervision
- Angela听Amlin
- Laia听Garrob茅 Fonollosa
- Jeanne听Merindol
- Melissa听Ramsay
Selected publications
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Open access
Eichenberger, F., Carroll, E. L., Garrigue, C., Jarmon, S., Steel, D. J., Robbins, J., Rendell, L. & Garland, E. C., 9 Mar 2026, In: Current Biology. 36, 5, p. 1115-1127.e4 17 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal 鈥� Article 鈥� peer-review
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Wild, S. & Rendell, L., 12 Jan 2026, The evolution of cetacean societies: uncovering the social complexity of whales and dolphins. Croft, D. P., Foote, A. D., Garland, E. C. & King, S. L. (eds.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, p. 281-307 27 p.
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding 鈥� Chapter
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Open access
Burslem, A., Cerd脿, M., Brotons, T., Rendell, L., Silva, M. A. & Prieto, R., Apr 2026, In: Marine Mammal Science. 42, 2, p. 1-7 7 p., e70153.
Research output: Contribution to journal 鈥� Article 鈥� peer-review
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Open access
Wray, J., O'Mahony, 脡., Baer, G., Robinson, N., Dundas, A., Gaggiotti, O., Rendell, L. & Keen, E., Jan 2026, In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 293, 2063, p. 1-12 12 p., 20252409.
Research output: Contribution to journal 鈥� Article 鈥� peer-review
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Open access
Amlin, A., Rendell, L. E., Pierantonio, N., Carmen Andr茅s-Herv铆as , C., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Hastie, G. D. & Gonzalvo, J., Apr 2025, In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 157, 4, p. 3204鈥�3213 10 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal 鈥� Article 鈥� peer-review
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Open access
Garland, E. C., Corkeron, P., Noad, M. J., Abrahms, B., Allen, J. A., Constantine, R., Rendell, L., Sousa-Lima, R. S., Stafford, K. M. & Carroll, E. L., 1 May 2025, In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 380, 1925, p. 1-11 11 p., 20240133.
Research output: Contribution to journal 鈥� Review article 鈥� peer-review
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Open access
Marwood, E. M., Eichenberger, F., Kobayashi, N., Okabe, H., Ozawa, S., Rendell, L. E. & Garland, E. C., Feb 2025, In: Royal Society Open Science. 12, 2, 15 p., 241388.
Research output: Contribution to journal 鈥� Article 鈥� peer-review
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Open access
Eguiguren, A., Avila, I., Mesnick, S., Cantor, M., Hersh, T., P茅rez-Puig, H., Rosero, P., Rendell, L., Whitehead, H., Rojas, C. & Alava, J. J., 1 May 2025, In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 380, 1925, p. 1-13 13 p., 20240142.
Research output: Contribution to journal 鈥� Review article 鈥� peer-review
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Open access
Eichenberger, F., Garrigue, C., Steele, D., Bonneville, C. D., Rendell, L. E. & Garland, E. C., 8 Jan 2025, In: Royal Society Open Science. 12, 1, 20 p., 241424.
Research output: Contribution to journal 鈥� Article 鈥� peer-review
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Open access
Vachon, F., Rendell, L., Gero, S. & Whitehead, H., 14 Feb 2024, (E-pub ahead of print) In: Marine Mammal Science. Early View, 10 p., e13116.
Research output: Contribution to journal 鈥� Article 鈥� peer-review
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